FORUM-2007

Alexander Vasiljev-Muller**

The retrospective analysis of the main achievements of economics of USA for 20 centuries is adduced in the field of policy of seizure. The view on these achievements from macroeconomic positions is offered, and also the attention to necessity of structural modification conversions. The attention to importance of industrial branch classification and scientifically reasonable reference of branches to local, region and international conversions. The position of the Winner of the Nobel Premium W.W. Leontjef concerning importance of an exact estimation of a fixed capital (materialized labor) is set up. The ascending scales of surtax and profit tax are offered. The necessity of steep realization to the Ukrainian chiefs and political figures is rotuned, that «it is impossible without the people, educated in a labor, to hope uphill » (!).

Keywords: a manpower, ethnic problems, afroamerician in a manpower of USA, working week, duration of working week, wages, production, construction, retail trade, seasonal fluctuations, coal mines, traumatism and death rate, safety of workstations, depression, decays, cycles, discovery, sociality significant events working woman, telecommunications, real estate, derivation, higher education, cost of living index, working budgets socially oriented economics, «a German Miracle», frame of a fixed capital, factor the capital - income, surtax, level of the taxation, profitability of a labour, living labour, materialized labour, intellectualization of a labour, law preservation of a labour, profitability of a living labour, social standards.

In the article « Path to FREEDOM of Europe and all World Civilization » (16.09.2007) we resulted memories Ludvig Erhard about his first occurring with Konradom Adenaureom in 1948 - « … Us integrated conviction, that the Western Germanium and dwelling there Germans should save from turning into object of socialist experiments ».

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Yes, Ukraine /Gothia was lucky in that time less. It was necessary Ukrainians of Western Ukraine to live in «Large GULAG» (characteristic of a mode in East Europe given Gonsales Gonsales, colonel of Republican Spain and «by the fugitive from Large GULAGa-USSR») after 1948 all 43 years, but already predominantly in Stalin’s camps, up to the declaration of Long expected independence. And today it is necessary to world community to pay for each minimum concession to democratic transformations(conversions) on the part of sitting on the former managing places and above all dominating «GULAG’s men» by the intellectual and spiritual investments to East, which one and remain in the majority dead. Correctly wrote Jeffry Sacks in 2000, that «the minority of a planet, on which one lives approximately 15 % of the population, provides practically all remaining world technological innovation. The second part including approximately half of the population of a planet, is capable to insert these technologies in the system of production both consumption. And the rest, inhabits which one approximately third of inhabitants of a planet, It is technically backward - as itself does not make innovation, and does not insert foreign technologies. The boundaries of these locales not always coincide national boundaries. For example, the technologically torn off locale actuates … A large part of former Soviet Union except for locales bordering on the markets of Europe and Asia … ».

The members of scientific advice of Institute Olga W. Wasilievoy-Catholic of Economic and Socio-Cultural of Researchers (assignee DESMC of an Academy of sciences of Ukraine) would like, that Ukraine / Gothia all fell into to these «bordering» locales. Therefore we search for reference points in economicses industrially of developed states, but we do not put any more initially arrogantly of impracticable problems - « to catch up and to distillate » someone for acquitting of a low level of a management of economics, and really we want to much will learn (not all this do sincerely, but all the same while still there are people, despite of … Information press).

By this article is opened a series of the publications (have scheduled ten) under a general heading «To the Ukrainian Miracle » by a way Ludviga Erharda». In 1998 after the seventh Ukrainian-German financial and economic workshop (June 19-20) in an opening speech to the monograph « Ukraine at the Crossroads: Economic Reform in International Perspective» Viktor Yushchenko underlined, that «not the investments determine economic growth(increase), and without delay they come with its beginning ». Therefore in the opening speech to the same issuing the member of the Bundestag, the Minister of the finance of Federative Republic Germany Theo Waigel paid attention that « near to macroeconomic stabilization, in which one the Government Germany makes the main accent on technical and financial support MVF, the relevant role also is played structural - political by reforms, about what, specially, the modern experience testifies. … A main task of a German consultative group recently is the support of branches, which one have the special value for structural adapting ». Ten years have passed, but the same ideas remain actual and today, is probable because very many of problems of structural adapting did not start to not decide at all. In scrambling for preservation of imperious functions and privileges of a problem of economic rationality determining a competitive level of a modern economic system, refer to on the second schedule. But it can not be kept ad infinitum. The experts all the same will undertake activity and the pyramid of control in Ukraine will begin to be transformed to modern frame of control. But to start this transformation it is expedient, by perceiving ideas of our compatriots, which one actively analyzed(analysed) achievements of economicses industrially of developed states. It really will help to all of us to see modern priorities. Alone on economic problems «To the “Ukrainian Miracle» by a way Ludvig Erhard» also is dedicated to the solution of this problem the present cycle of the publications.

If in 1900 in USA in general there were not laws regulating children's seizure and 1,75 million. The workers was from 10 till 15 years, and it is 6 % from able-bodied population, in 1999 the full working day was prohibited for the faces which have not reached 16 years. For scientific community of East Europe a little bit the data on reduction in frame of emploument to the end 20 centuries Afro-Americans will be unexpected. Them in 1900 was held 3,8 million. (14 % from number of the workers), and in 1999 them was held only 16,5 million., and it is 12 % of labour forces (!). Yes, the myth about maintenance of «Africa» fails. It is possible to speak about Indians, Chinese, Japanese, but their number in labour forces of USA much more concedes to group Afro-Americans, though their common number to the end 20 centuries has grown. Really, the ethnic and social problems are decided in USA, to what the data of researches and monographs Dr. Lorand B. Szalay (PhD, USA).

The statistical services of USA mark availability of seasonal fluctuations, and also the effect of business activity on duration of working week, and since 1947 has appeared such concept, as a partial employment.

We consider with large success improvement of safety of labour activity in USA during 20 centuries. Statistics testifies, that if in 1900 yer. 1500 persons in mines, in 1999 - only 35 persons have perished. If such parameters were on Ukraine in a coal industry! Perished on the railway on 2550 workers in 1900 there were 23 persons, and in 1999 - 56 persons. On these branches there is statistics both in the beginning and at the end of centuries, and in general statistics displays, that at the end of centuries to work in USA has much become more secure, than it was in the beginning of century. If in the beginning of century only 15 % of traumas, addressed the ambassador, had chance to receive any payments, per 1999 acted in USA of the program on maintenance of invalidity, that did not exist in the beginning of century.

In general at development of the population with 76 million. In 1900 up to 273 million. In 1999 (up to 281 million. In 2000) in USA it was possible practically to raise on an actual level of usage an educational level of a manpower. If in 1900 only 14 % of the Americans finished high (for us mean) school, in 1999 - already 83%. But main - the man with the completed derivation in college earns on 62 % more, and the woman on 65 % is more, than with maximum school education at the end of 20 centuries (data on 1997). By the way, in East Europe even the engineer received much less craftsman. If in USA in 1910 only 3 % after college went further to study, in 1999 them was 25%. The all this characteristics of substantially operating economics, which one sets tone to all World economic system. Therefore artificial uprating of all activity on increase of an educational level with broad issue of the certificates of a state sample about higher education not absolutely positively also does not promote balance of economics of a national economic complex, though increase of human resources is reality.

As we see in actual economics dynamics(changes) of seizure the most conservative orb (levels of a beginning and end of century not hardly differ from each other) and on its parameters(indexes) qualitative changes in life of the population not uniquely effect. And you see these changes are truely huge, specially, they are relief visible at the analysis of changes during only 20 centuries.

But before to address to qualitative changes in life of working USA in 20 century, we shall be acquainted with some ideas of the Winner of the Nobel Premium of memory Alfred Nobel on economics 1975 Wasilia Wasilievicha Leontjefa, which one in the beginning of century is severe studied frame of the American economics.

For the economist, which one evaluates structural changes in an economic system and rate of technical advance, aiming to render positive effect on actual economics two a problem are key.

First is a justification of industrial classification, namely reference of those or diverse firms to definite branches. By the way, W.W. Leontjef underlined, that «…even the most in-depth industrial classification entails a known degree of summation and at the same time more or less arbitrary dimensioning of separate industries» (p.41). He paid attention, that « the increase of the issue in any branch of facilities(economy) as a result of change of structural conditions … Means only, that at satisfaction of the same final demand in new conditions the economic system should more notably be rest. on the given concrete branch of facilities(economy)» (p.54). And further illustrated, that «the increase of total of the man-hours indispensable for production of the given range of the goods, means reduction(decreasing) labour productivity, whereas the decrease of a labour demand displays, that the manpower has become more productive » (p. 55). Apparently, all defects of industrial classification appear at matching outcomes of economic calculations with an actual situation. And correctly marks W.W. Leontjef: « Both in 1919-1929, and in 1929-1939 the total sum of separate hypothetical counts of economies of a transactions appropriate to technical improvements in separate industries, above, than actual general(common) general change, actually had which one a place.» (p. 55). And the scientifically reasonable classification really should work on an advance, guessing general(common) changes inside the open system, which one should be by a corollary of structural changes it, on the one hand, and also corollary of changes in the range of the goods, on the other hand. And W.W. Leontjef, by the way, results the interesting data - that «a range of the goods of final demand of 1939, if its to make on the basis of engineering of 1929, would demand on 1287 million. It is more than man-hours, than actually it was required for its production.» (p. 56). In the same schedule it is necessary to consider a problem of reference of this or that branch to local or national, which one per 30 years of the 20-th century was decided by W.W. Leontjef in USA. He has indicated discontinuities, which one allow «to attempt to subdivide the goods on groups pursuant to, as far as they are local or national» (p. 164). But the scientist goes further and attributes some branches to «of the national, region different order and local» (p. 152). He developed a method «of summation of excesses and deficit available in staff (skipping signs), and expression of a general result in percentage of national consumption for each of 39 largest branches» (p.163). In outcome was received, that « those branches, production which one is massed in few staffs, and the consumption of this production is rather significant in many staffs, are characterized in large percentage digits … » (p.163). This approach has allowed W.W. Leontjef is argued to make «the supposition, that the non-metallic minerals and items from them are not neither local, nor national, and region goods any of the order» (p. 169). What large perspectives opens the given approach at zoning the European markets, executing marketing maintenance of production of the Ukrainian corporations (!).

Second is an estimation of a fixed capital, as by an actual fundamentals of effective economic activity. You see in these the past labor, as nation generating and developing the state on this or that territory, and labor of all civilization on paths of the solution of global problems is concentrated. Not incidentally estimation of a fixed capital of USA executed also W.W. Leontjef, and Sajmon Kuznes. But main - their estimations of a fixed capital (minus wearings) coincide and lay within the limits 156,7 - 159,3 billions Dollars in the prices of 1939. And international matchings of a ratio between capital equipment and output, which one have executed lord Stemp Paul Douglas and Kolin A. Clarke (publication of 1940), display, that for all is industrial of developed countries and even for countries with the brightly expressed market orientation, but not relating to industrial, the order of values was same. So, for Italy, USA, Canada, England, Japan, Spain, Austria, Argentina, Sweden, Australia, Hungary, Francium, Belgium and Germanium the attitude(relation) between the capital and income laid within the limits from 3,50 up to 5,85 (!). In USA this parameter(index) at a level 4,33. It speaks about the unified approach on many positions to economic problems of an estimation of outcomes of a transactions and volumes of a materialized labour on the part of the experts of the majority of the industrial states, and consequently and about actual possibility of using of outcomes of executed(made) researches for economicses of USA, Hungary, Austria, Germanium and for economics of Ukraine; and on the contrary. Last, concerns also all calculations, bound with the proof of existence the Law Preservation of a Labor (academician Academy Economical Sciences of Ukraine V. Vasiljev, 1999-2003).

It is expedient to pay attention the modern contributors on reduced in issuing 1953. By W.W. Leontjef the table of arrangement of branches of a national economy of USA on descending a factor of a fixed capital (reference of the cost to production capacity). The original approach W.W. Leontjef to an estimation of production capacity is interesting, when she(it) did not manage to be injected directly. Then «acted as follows: took the comparable data about a total sum of sales for 1939-1941 (sometimes 1937-1942), deflated them to a price level of 1939 with the help of an appropriate index of the prices, and then were used for calculation of appropriate attitudes(relations) between capital equipment and sale. Year, in which one the branch has used the least quantity of the equipment on dollar of sale it was offered to consider as year of activity on full production capacity both attitude(relation) between capital equipment and sale for this year it was accepted for mean overal coefficient of capital equipment » (W.W. Leontjef, 1953, p. 216).

It was necessary to find those conciliatory proposals, which one to group of the contributors in USA (Hollis B. Chenery, Paul G. Clark, James S.Duesenberry, Allen R. Ferguson, Anne P. Grosse, Robert N. Grosse, Mathilda Holzman, Walter Isard, Helen Kistin), which one was headed by W.W. Leontjef, surprise us and today Rationality. The theoretical model required as the main differentiation of a fitting to this or that branch to start with known technical-production function establishing relation of production to costs of production. As underlines Mathilda Holzman « if the engineering -production function for each of many millions products made by separate firms, would be known, the technical factors of production could be removed theoretically, not resorting to such statistical data, which one are available, for example, in the industrial qualifications ». As far as this problem was severe it visible from activity of commission on classification at the Harward University, in which one included Missis Sarai F. Clarke, Hollis B. Chenery, Irving Lef and W.W. Leontjef. They as criteria for association used at classification on 96 «Leontjef’s» of branches, have accepted identity of the product and quantitative likeness of frame of the cost price of products, live in any branch. W.W. Leontjef directly writes: « the Main sources utilized at definition of the issue and frame of the cost price, are the qualification of a manufacturing industry for 1939 and qualification of mining industries also for 1939. … As the separate firms make different products, mismatching our criterion of association, as also industries, as they are considered in the qualification, can not correspond to this criterion (to receive the more precise items of information on any product, it is possible to arrange differently data of the qualification) ».

Such fissile and targeted activity of group W.W. Leontjef, certainly has influenced activity of Office of statistics of a Labour of USA. By the way, W.W. Leontjef indicates, that « to satisfy demands of the theoretical scheme it is possible simply by increase of number of branches with considerable by quantity by mixed production ». And on a site of Department of a Labour of a Cabinet of the President of USA it is marked, that «in a beginning of war (Second World) seizure and the data about wages collected on 90 industries; at the end of war, the data collected on 180 industries». Too marks in 1953 W.W. Leontjef: «In last classification of Office of statistics of a Labour each of these branches (is present in view of branch of a chemical industry) is subdivided on more small-sized to receive more homogeneous branches». All this enabled those years to determine frame of costs of production in appropriate branches approximating the data of the ascent of production functions «from an observable general fixed capital and flows » to outcomes of calculation of frame of costs on branches of Leontjef on the basis of engineering-production functions.

Taking a little waiting game concerning development of industrial powers and national economic branches as a whole, it would be expedient to be preformed for fissile competition, which one it is impossible for a message without effective state regulation. Therefore, having already by rather large intellectual potential (it is well visible from the economic publications only for last five years in the Ukrainian log-books), it is possible to develop some versions for discussion of industrial classifications of branches ground comparisons of frames of costs. They can be calculated and on engineering -production functions W.W. Leontjef, and on production functions, by receiving their way of processing of economic statistics, and on alternate techniques of objective - labour economic school (V.A. Vasiljev, 1963-2006).

The problems of branch classification, as well as stiffening to branches of the status local, region or international, are truely actual today for Ukraine. And not only for Ukraine, and for all Eastern and Central Europe. Not all there is thought over, and, for example, in Poland the external conformity to the requirements of European Union is only realized (experience of training 2000-2001 In Institutes of Warsaw).

In the brief review(view) of a rule(situation,position) working in USA, the experts of Department of a Labour Elaine Chao set a interesting question: «What bases changes in a manpower in 20 century?» Also can not indicate one any major factor, and give their list, indicating on the technology, agglomeration, demography, immigration, derivation, and also on activity of governmental frames.

Certainly, all this had an effect on an expected life time in USA. If in 1900 neonatal should live on the average 47,3 years, in 1999 - 77,0 years. But, what was a carrying on link in qualitative shifts? Really we are doomed on constant listing of several tens statistical parameters?

Let's see at a list of significant discoveries and events in 20 century and is comparable with what were considered by the major author of Large Cycles of a conjuncture Nickolai Dmitrievich Kondratjef, which one after visit of USA and occurring there his monogynopaediums with monogynopaedium Pitirim Alexandrovich Sorokin have finished up to mors in conventual prison under Moscow in 1938. But he had time to keep to us a following list, in his judgement, significant for a WideWorld of shocks in first – increasing a wave of the Third Large Cycle (1891-1896 up to 1914-1920), we shall mark only those, which one have taken place since 1900:

Society - political events:

1). President McKinley assassinated 1901;

2). United States passes the Chinese Exclusion Act 1902;

3). Movie, “The Great Train Robbery” 1903;

4). New York City subway opens 1904;

5). Upton Sinclar writes The Jungly 1906;

6). Ford introduces the Model-T 1908;

7). NAACP is founded 1909;

8). Standard Oil Company broken up Triangle Shirtwaist Factory fire 1911;

9). Personal income tax introduced in the United States 1913;

12). Prohibition begins in the United State 1919;

13). Women granted the right to vote in the United States 1920;

As we see, it is less than events, but these events are to be stored and they really characterize advance, instead of increase quantities of conflicts. Therefore we shall be acquainted with the registry of the most significant inventions and innovations marked by Department of a Labour of USA for the same period:

1). Kodak introduces $1 Brownie cameras 1900;

2). First trans-Atlantic radio signal 1901;

3). First flight at Kitty Hawk 1903;

4). First electric washing machine 1907;

5). Henry Ford creates assembly line 1913;

6). Panama Canal officially opened 1914;

7). First commercial radio broadcast aired 1920;

8). Talking movies invented 1923.

What happiness, that N.D. Kondratjef it and has not learned. At comprehension by him of depth of moral falling of control elite in country, where a lode his monogynopaedium, he has revised all links to provoked «revolutions» and military oppositions. He did not consider them as historical events having for mankind severe value, and which one are expedient for storing. It is not interesting to study an economic history and simply history of mankind, as a history of a spread forever crime and refined mockery at morals. And then still to plot mathematical models to invent for them limitations and to be pleased, that the villains have allowed us today to live.

At first, we experience similar higher a wave, but already of fifth Large Cycle N.D. Kondratjef and us, as well as all East Europe the modern technologies are necessary. For us also happen, in opinion of the majority of the deputies, receiving the salary, «historical events» at each installation of multi-coloured tents in front of chambers of the foreign journalists. Someone even considers each protrusion of the leader of a consignment of «Locales» as historical event (poor history!). Also, as well as century back we practically anything in an intellectual orb not commit. The Wide World develops, and we at the best observe and we tell fairy tales to ourselves and all ambient about ours «of terrible bureaucracy» and about «of insuperable corruption». To evaluate up to what degree all this improbably it is enough to recollect words of the chapter of militia of city of Taganrog (Ukrainian city appeared in Russian Federation), which one in the 2000-th years on the convention of power structures of city has declared to straight lines by the text - «here in a hall are present all Receters and all Mafiosi, therefore … ».

Secondly, is necessary to perceive, that the higher wave of the Fifth Large Cycle (1990-1995 up to 2015-2020) is rest. on microelectronics, biotechnology, nuclear and thermo-nuclear energy, and is characterized by thin chemistry, laser technology, INTERNET by technologies. And you see INTERNET - the technologies are not finished INTERNET - clubs and commands on all agree hackers, off-the shelf at any moment «to attack the American banks». Such destructive adjust only rejects all of us back and does not give to make the way little plants really of accountable attitude to global problems of mankind. We till now only initiatives consider with worthy attention, and all steps of organizations at the United Nations we accept, at the best, as a causing for a controversy (and even the only ecological shares). There is no sincerity in cooperation, and it brings to nothing the most good wishes and actual initiatives.

Sadly, when any steps to international cooperation are accepted by the management which has got used to absence of initiative, as a beginning of the next conflict.

In third, even in conditions «of game character of historical events» in Ukraine happen significant for East Europe of the shares. One of such shares is the purchasing by the transnational international company of the basic block of shares «Krivorojsteel», classic example of direct investment with maintenance of activity and sales of production of firm. But how much was, ostensibly justified(reasonable), but actually of tactical political applications in this causing! And you see it is such large and actual «life buoy», which one the Wide World economic system has given to economics of Ukraine what to not evaluate positively this step the tuned person or person can only absolutely tendentiously, which one substantially wants to plot of a harm to Ukraine and its people. Many «revolutionary» events will depart on the second schedule, but there will be in a rating of historical events this fact of the actual help, which one was rendered by Wide World financial institutions to Ukraine. We have managed by this help to dispose? The time still will show, but money East Europe has received also not small money. If, even part from them has gone on development of the modern productions, integrated with the western companies, it would be really positively.

Positive the revival of Historical Memory about Genocide is also (!), specially, after the shares of the President of Ukraine V.A. Ushchenko in 2007. This unique on cynicism of the purposes of a GENOCIDE symbolizes such an indefinitely low level of moral (taking into account had planed of the shares of a cannibalism and special refinement killers) with full absence of the Christian moral bases(fundamentals) in administrative activity (!), what is it destruction(annihilation) of the most capable and fissile part of the own people (Ukrainian 11324709 people and Germans 337043 people) will become an effective example not only for our civilization. Probably, as 2007 will be considered turning not only in national revival of a self-consciousness of the people in Ukraine /Gothea, but also in comprehension by all Mankind of mission of administrative elites on the Earth (!)!, and main - in comprehension of impermissibility to control at a state level of a reprobate ethnic group., for which one the predilection to immoral operations is fixed generically.

By all this most direct image influences economics. But the designed normative base is indispensable correctly for development of economics. Whether there is she today in Ukraine?

1). American Express Company established the first private pension plan offered by a U.S. company - 1875;

2). Federal Labor Bureau, the pre-decessor of the Bureau of Labor Statistics was established by the Hopkins Act - 1884 ;

3). Kansas established the first State prevailing wage law - 1891 ;

4). Department of Commerce and Labor was established by an act of Congress 1903 ;

5). Massachusetts adopts first minimum wage law for women and minors - 1912 ;

6). U.S. Department of Labor was established by an act Congress. It includes the Bureau of Labor Statistics, the Bureau of immigration and Naturalization, and the Children’s Bureau - 1913 ;

7). Clayton Act limited the use of injunctions in labor disputes and provided that picketing and other union activities should not be considered unlawful - 1914;

8). First Federal child labor law. Signed, but struck down - 1916.;

10). Railway Labor Act required railroad employers to bargain collectively and not discriminate against employees for joining a union - 1926 ;

12). Noris-LaGuardia Act) 1932;

13). Wagner-Peyser Act creates U.S. Employment Service in Department of Labor) 1933;

14). National Labor Relation (Wagner) Act established the first national policy of protecting the rights of workers to organize and elect their representatives for collective bargaining purposes - 1935 ;

15). Public Contracts (Walsh-Healy) Act set labor standards on Government contracts requiring the manufacture or purchase of materials - 1936 ;

16). Fair Labor Standards Act set minimum wage, maximum hours, and time pay, as well as equal pay and child labor standards - 1938 ;

17). Taft-Hartley) Act reiterated policies protecting rights of workers to organize and elect union representatives and placed some checks on union and management activities - 1947 ;

18). An amendment to the Fair Labor Standard Act directly prohibited child labor for the first time. Courts decide that benefits are subject to collective bargaining - 1949 ;

19). Welfare and Pension Disclosure Act required administration of health insurance, pension, and suplementary uneployment compensation plans to file plan descriptions and annual financial reports with the Secretary of Labor - 1958:

20). Labor-Management Reporting (Landrum-Griffin) Act prohibited improper activities by labor and management, such as secondary boycotts; provided certain protection for the rights of union members; and required filing of certain financial reports by unions and employers - 1959 ;

21). Manpower Development and Training Act required Federal Government to determine manpower requirements and resources and to deal with the problems of unemployment resulting from automation and technological changes and other types of unemployment - 1962 .

All this practically for hundred years of Great activity (!). If to enumerate only part of the acts on labour and economic problems, which one are adopted for last 10 years in Ukraine, how much them will be? To the Americans basically to not understand - what for to write the laws, which one everyone know, that never normally will work. They well perceive, that «the Byzantian ruse» - creation of a legal field, in which one!any is possible disturbance of the laws - works against economics of that country, where such confusion in legislative maintenance implements. And already absolutely with humor such shares are accepted, when the Codes (not the laws, and whole Codes are asserted!) because of respect for authority of the person, which one spoke all life to all, that such Code is necessary at socialism - «he is not guilty, that already of that build(. under construction, formation) never will be in Ukraine what to disappear to a labour of the recognized lawyer?». Therefore of Supreme Rad of Ukraine this «cabinet» Code receives on consideration and votes «Yes», and the courts are compelled to invent - as on it is possible though somehow to work.

Only in country such is contemplative relating to a reality probably... «Are You the patriot? Therefore vote for nonsense and on its work! We shall show to these Americans … ».

To comment on the given situation is useless. It is expedient to all of us only once again to read a selection of titles of the documents (them 21), which one was placed on a governmental site by Department of a Labour of a Cabinet of the President of USA, and to think, that the majority of problems resolved in USA should be decided and us. But only with allowance for of own social dynamics(changes), usual, let and backward from global practice, but actual relations, and therefore simple copying and the translation of the documents is one more «waste» the law or, outgoing from ambitions of the writers, Code, but constant and well adjusted activity «on the basket».

It is necessary really to study combined situations, to think and to model - it is necessary to work, then and for us of years through fifty will study.

* * *

Therefore people also aim to leave from such, soft speaking, abnormal situation, and where? Certainly, in USA (!). And tendency to get in this country does not escape the inhabitants of Aged Light, specially, from East Europe already during two centuries.

By him is only entitled to entry on «to a Green Card» and they agree to begin all from null - is whether not a parameter(index) of successes of policy of seizure and welfare of country?!

So, what in economics such feel of freedom and hardening gives to the Americans, which one renders such strong effect practically on the majority of countries of a world?

We shall recollect, that since 1913 in USA the surtax (Personal income tax introduced in the United States is entered) and the Department of a Labour of a Cabinet at the President of USA considers it as the extremely relevant event.

And why? The answer we shall find in the book Lutz Hoffmann and Axel Siedenberg «Aufbruch in die Marktwirtschaft» (Frankfurt / New York, 1997), where is underlined, that for Ukraine «the reduction of taxes on the sum of wages will put to reduction(decreasing) costs on the wage. This method is relevant for fast engaging of the vacant people in production. The reduction of costs on the wage easies displacement of the capital by a labour.» (p. 91).

Addressing 25.03.1996 on behalf of Institute of Economical and Socio-cultural research (assignee DESMC of an Academy of sciences of Ukraine) to a management of countries of European Union, academician of Academy of economic sciences of Ukraine, the academician of the New York Academy of Sciences Valery Alexandrovich Vasiljev wrote: «In earlier sent … Outcomes of the objective analysis of parameters(indexes) of USA the data on profitability of a labour, profitability of private incomes, share of the profit in the gross national product, level of taxes from profits of corporations, level of taxes on private incomes, actual income after tax payment per capita in dynamics(changes) with 1947 on 1988 are adduced. As the level of taxes on private incomes continuously is visible from the reduced data grows, the share of the profit of corporations in the national product is continuously reduced(descended), the actual income after tax payment per capita has grown for 20 years (with 1947 on 1967) in 1,4 times, then for 15 years (with 1968 on 1982) has decreased in 1,9 times and further for the subsequent 6 years (with 1983 on 1988) has grown and 1,25 times, at the same time incidence of taxation on private incomes continuously increases at, practically, stable level of taxes in the gross national product». And in 2004 we wrote, that «in developed countries of Europe both America and some countries of Asia the budget of the state will be derivated basically of taxes for the natural persons (55-65 %) and only 35-45 % make taxes for firms and organizations, thus the profit tax gives all from 5 up to 15 percents of the budget ». Also were cited data about a level of surtax in the budget of a series of the states (see. Table 1).

But what countries can to themselves allow such budget policy? Only countries, in which one a yield rate of a labour (the relation of the profit to the sum of the installments on social security and private income of the citizens) does not exceed 25%. Ukraine does not concern to such states yet (see. Table 2).

But it is interesting to mark obviously low level of profitability of a labour in Germany not only in a post-war period, but also specially in quiet for a world and reassuring 70 years. The analysis of dynamics(changes) of surtax in industrial developed countries, its share in the budget, and also dynamics(changes) of its change in relation to the income in correlation with profitability of a labour - is the main contents of the following article. But to indicate rather rigid attitude in Germany to business, that legibly appears in low parameters(indexes) of profitability of a labour, it is necessary to make in this activity. And is true, about what high profits it is possible to speak in such obviously to institution’s economics, which one has developed on the European continent to 70-80 th years past century? At existing regulation, unless there are a lot of capabilities for the businessmen? And if them no, for what to pay? The common sense was always generic in the German people and he was exhibited in the given problem.

Table 3

Executed(made) by us in 2004 the analysis after crisis (1929-1933) and after military (1945-1950) recovery of a national economy in a series of the states of a World has shown availability of carried out considerable capital investments in carrying on branches. And main sources of means (more than 80 %) was the own investments created by the depreciation charges and profit of firms (corporations). By the way, in this «worked» of means for revival and social advance and hidden a source of positive dynamics(changes) of development of economicses of the countries, parsed by us. It very much prominent aspect, on which one is expedient to pay attention to all Ukrainian chiefs and political figures. It is impossible without the people, educated in a Labour, to hope uphill (!). Let's recollect Great British of Sir William Petty, which one in 1662 spoke, that «it is better to delete a labour 1000 persons, than to give to these people nothing to do continuous time». The same principles is guided by today not only each foreman on the production sector caring about loading by concrete business (activity) of the workers, which has issued on gang, but also each chief of shop evaluating activity of the foremans, chief foremen, chiefs of gangs on organization of production. So, that with pressure(voltage,stress) to work owe all categories held in industrial process, and not just worker or farmer. Therefore one thousand time of the rights American Billioner Pol Getty - «the principles of business do not vary».

And we today can speak about practice industrially of developed countries, where the surtax is differentiated depending on the size of the income, under condition of its penalty from the floor wage at a rate of 8 %, and at the salary (income) of the citizens the nominal norm(standard) of tax is higher increases, reaching in separate countries 39 %, and in some and 60%.

Therefore we offer relation for definition of the rate of surtax, which one in the long term and should become generatrix the budget of the industrial state of Ukraine / Gothia (see Fig. 3 / In 2006 academic New York Academy of Sciences Dr. Valery Vasiljev has arranged figures thus and we on his schedules them do not change/).

In the formula:

In it rather simple, but very not simply retrieved and calculated relation, the experience of the social and economic analysis of development and regress of economics of East Europe last 40 years is actually accumulated. And also sociological researches since 1980 on 1997, conducted on the academic schedules in PriAzov-Land (V.Vasiljev, G.Dmitriev, P. Golik, A. Shtrepa, A. Vasiljev, A. Chebanova, R. Logua) and in many industrial centers UIS (Magnitogorsk, Tver, Electrosteel, Dnepropetrovsk, Zaporozhye, Liepaya, Orsk, Lviv, Yaroslavl, Mariupol, Alma-Ata, Tbilisi etc.). Just, such should be character of relation, together with not large and not smaller rate of increase of a tax press. By the way, offered the model of the progressive rate of surtax has practically return character experimentally of retrieved relation of falling of satisfaction by a labour in PriAzovLand (1977 for 1994). And the necessity is necessary to take into account a living standard, hardly by linking its with the income, apparently, is obvious to all.

Also, we consider expedient to offer (see. Fig. 2) progressive tax rate on profit (Tpr) depending on profitability of a living labour (Plivlab).

In the formula:

That volume of calculations and searches, methodological substantiations of expediency of transition from profitability of a labour recognized scientific novelty doctoral by advice in 1992, to profitability of a living labour (2004-2006), which one was executed by the Dr. Valery Alexandrovich Vasiljev difficultly with something to compare. The registration of amortization(shock-absorption) in profitability gives absolutely diverse aspect angle in an estimation of activity of a management of corporations, in necessity and volumes of encouragement of the manager’s body. Certainly, this approach follows(outflows) from substantive provisions of objective& of labour school (V. A. Vasiljev, 1965-2003), but one business the theoretic-methodological installations, and other - practice of concrete regulation of economic activities. The relation in many respects resembles a curve of an agglomeration of Alfred Weber (1900) and, apparently, it regularly.

The acceptance of these concrete guidelines will allow actively to prolong to democratic forces severe environmental sanitation of all budget process in Ukraine. The budget and the sources of its filling become transparent, inspected, and main - intimately by bound with the incomes of the workers. It that USA have begun actively to realize since 1913 (Personal income tax introduced in the United States), and Ukraine has a capability substantially to begin this process from 2008 (and actually to return on a new level of development to progressive World practice, which one, by the way, in Ukraine was already realized).

We are convinced, what exactly such practical guidelines will allow Ukraine to execute IY the paragraph «of Measures of economic policy for Ukraine», designed German consultative group on economic problems at Government of Ukraine in 1999. In this paragraph «Integration in World economics » the list of concrete steps is given, which one are necessary for executing to Ukraine. And its is expedient for supplementing by acceptance of an ascending scale of the taxation of the profit depending on profitability of a living labour, and also scale of the progressive rate of surtax.

It substantially will pull together a legal field in economics of Ukraine to a legal field of European Union.

The main steps to this optimization, and also in scientific maintenance of economics, our way to judgement, should be:

1) Introduction of the reasonable industrial classification, probably, using engineering -production function of W.W. Leontjef or available classifications of branches of a national economy of Department of a Labour of a Cabinet of the President of USA, and it is possible also alternate approaches;

2) The implementation by the Ukrainian economists of zoning of the European markets, that is very important for marketing maintenance of promoting of production of the Ukrainian corporations (!). The zoning of the European markets should implement simultaneously with the scientifically reasonable stiffening to branches of the status local, region and international;

3) Realization of an estimation of a fixed capital, as the actual fundamentals of effective economic activity, since in its concentrates a past labour, as nation generating and developing the state on this or that territory, and labour of all civilization on paths of the solution of global problems;

4) Fulfillment of calculations it is intelligently - spiritual of a potential and capital of a nation, that will enable to show in digits and in dynamics(changes) their growth. These calculations are expedient for executing not only for Ukraine, but also for USA, and in an ideal there is a sense to make the comparative tables on developed and intensively developing countries of Europe and Asia;

6) Intrusion in practice of managing of the progressive tax rate on profit (Tpr) depending on profitability of a living labour (Plivlab):

7) Steep realization to the Ukrainian chiefs and political figures of fundamental idea, that «is impossible without the people, educated in a labour, to hope uphill» (!).

We hope, its really substantially will pull together a legal field in economics of Ukraine to a legal field of European Union. However concerning introduction of the reasonable industrial classification all not so uniquely. Therefore we offer everyone, who will be acquainted with a material of the given article to answer independently on the question: «What is bases classifications offered DEPARTMENT of a Labour of a Cabinet of the President of USA?». It is expedient to observe, as the approaches of statistical services of this department to a grouping of the statistical information on branches varied. You see the attitude of state statistical services of USA to classification differed from the approach of W.W. Leontjef.

So, who, in your judgement, are rights?

We invite all to a controversy and is guaranteed objective illumination its on pages of our electronic site. Are convinced, that its will be useful not only to the Ukrainian economists, but also for the economists of Central Europe, which one while only have made first steps to rationalization of the reporting, and concerning problems of structural adapting they should make still very much and very much.

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Die verringerte Darlegung des Artikels fur den Wissenschaftler Deutschlands,

unserer lieb Gothia

Im Artikel « Der Weg zu Freiheit Europas und ganzen KompromiBes Zivilisation” (16.09.2007) fuhrten wir die Erinnerungen Ludwiga Ercharda uber seine erste Begegnung mit Konradom Adenaurom in 1948 – « … Wir auf vereinigte die Uberzeugtheit, daB westliches Deutschland und der lebenden dort Deutschen muB man von der Umwandlung im Objekt das sozialistik Experiment” bewahren.”

Besser des Wissenschaftlers aus Deutschland des Doktores Fr. Kanna die grundlegendesten Ergebnisse der wissenschaftlichen Erreichungen der ersten Viertel XX des Jahrhundertes, wahrscheinlich, hat niemand als auch beschrieben.

Die grundlegenden Schritte zu dieser Optimierung, sowie in der wissenschaftlichen Versorgung der Okonomik, nach - unserer Meinung, sollen sein:

1) Die Einleitung der begrundeten industriellen Einordnung, ist, verwendend die Ingeniermassig-produktionsfunktion moglich. W.W. Leontjef oder schon fertig die Einordnungen der Zweige der Volkswirtschaft des Departements der Arbeit(Werk) des Kabinettes des Prasidenten sind USA, und die alternativen Einstellungen moglich;

2) Die Verwirklichung von den ukrainischen Okonomen das Zuschreiben zu den Bezirken der europaischen Markte, daB ist fur die marketinge Versorgung des Fortschrittes Produktion der ukrainischen Firmen (sehr wichtig!). Das Zuschreiben zu den Bezirken der europaischen Markte soll sich gleichzeitig mit der wissenschaftlich begrundeten Verleihung den Zweigen des Status gebiets-, bezirks- und international verwirklichen;

4) Die Ausfuhrung(Erledigung) der Rechnungen den intellektuell-geistige Potential und des Kapitals der Nation, daB wird ermoglichen, in den Zahlen und in Dynamik ihre GroBe aufzuzeigen. Diese Rechnungen ist zweckmassig nicht nur fur Ukraine zu erledigen, sonder auch fur existieren USA, und im Ideal den Sinn, die vergleichenden Tabellen nach den entwickelten und intensiv sich entwickelnden Lendern Europas und Asiens zu machen;

7) Tief das Verstandnis den ukrainischen Leitern und den Politikern der fundamentalen Idee, daB «Darf man auf den Aufstieg» (nicht ohne in der Arbeit(Werk) wohlerzogene Volk hoffen!).

Wir hoffen, daB wird es gultig real das rechtliche Feld in der Okonomik Ukraine mit dem rechtlichen Feld des europaischen Bundes nahern. Doch ist in Beziehung zu der Einleitung der begrundeten industriellen Einordnung alle(ganz) nicht so eindeutig(einstellig). Deshalb bieten wir allen an, wer in das Material des gegebenen(vorliegenden) Artikels eingefuhrt werden wird, selbstandig auf die Frage zu antworten: «DaB bilden der Einordnungen angeboten vom Departement der Arbeit(Werk) des Kabinettes des Prasidenten USA ?». Ist zweckmassig,, wie Veranderten die Einstellungen der statistischen Dienste diesen Amtes zur Gruppierung der statistischen Information nach den Zweigen aufzupassen. Doch zeichneten sich die Beziehung der staatlichen statistischen Dienste USA zur Einordnung von der Einstellung W.W. Leontjef aus.

So, wer, nach Ihrer Meinung, der Rechte?

Appendix 1: “The bulletin of Knowledge” N5 - 1928